Non-finite Verbs - Gerund | Uses and Examples of Gerund

Verb is an inevitable part of a sentence. There are many types of verb like- Action verb, be-verb, have-verb, modal auxiliary verb and so on.

 Now we'll be discussing finite verbs and Non-finite verbs. This topic is very useful to make a sentence with accuracy.


Finite and Non-finite verbs


Look at the sentences below –

1) I love to read.
2) We want to swim.
3) He loves singing.
4) She loves dancing.
5) She saw a moving car.
6) I see a running train.

In the sentences above, the verbs love, want, loves, loves, saw, see are finite verbs. And to read, to swim, singing, dancing, moving, running are non-finite verbs. — but why?
Let's see...


What is a finite verb?

When a verb is used according to its subject and tense then it is a finite verb.
In other words, if a verb changes its form according to its subject and tense then it is a finite verb.


In those sentences, the verbs love, want, loves, loves, saw, see change their forms with subject and tense; therefore, we can say, these verbs are used here as finite verbs.


What is a non-finite verb?

When a verb in a sentence does not change its form according to subject or tense, it is a non-finite verb.
In those sentences, the verbs to read, to swim, singing, dancing, moving, running do not change their forms.


Examples of non-finite verb:

I love to sing.I love singing.I see a moving car.
He loves to sing.He loves singing.He sees a moving car.
They loved to singThey loved singing.They saw a moving car.


To sing in the first column, singing in the second column, moving in the third column are non-finite verbs.


Non-finite verbs are of three types –

Infinitive [to + verb (base form)],
Participle [verb + ing],
Gerund [verb + ing].



Gerund



Uses and Examples of Gerund



Gerund, like Participle, is also an -ing form of a verb. Gerund has qualities of a noun as well as a verb.

Now look at these sentences –
•       He likes dancing. [সে নাচ করা পছন্দ করে]
•       Reading is my hobby. [পড়া আমার সখ ।]
•       I don't like playing cards. [আমি তাস খেলা পছন্দ করি না ।]
In the sentences above dancing, reading, playing (verb+ing) are used as nouns.


Use of Gerund:

Rule 1: As a subject –

Swimming is a good exercise.
Serving people is a great work.
Gardening is my hobby.
Watching cartoon is the most delightful thing.


Rule 2: As an object –

She loves singing folk songs.
Everyone likes reading story books.
I like playing flute.
Rahat isn’t fond of riding bike.


Rule 3: Used after a possessive –

People love Jackson’s dancing.
My mother has a great influence on my brother’s being a painter.
There was a restriction on his going out.
His father doesn’t like his drinking alcohol.


Rule 4:  As complement of a verb –

Seeing is believing.
What ruined his life is gambling.
Serving people is serving the almighty.
My hobby is gardening.


Rule 5: As an apposition of a noun or a pronoun –

Your intention, helping the poor, is appropriated.
The act, befooling the parents, is foolish itself.


Rule 6: Used after definite article ‘the’ –

The groaning of the lady fears frightened everyone.
The portraying of the artist is admirable.
The publishing of the book started from 1849.
The playing of chess loses its popularity.


Rule 7:  Used after some prepositions –

Gerund can be used after some prepositions like — After, at, before, besides, by, for, from, in, to, without.

E.g.-
He helped the man by giving him money.
Without working hard, one can not become a successful person.
She saved me from being an alcoholic.


Rule 8: Used after the verbs - allow, advise, forbid and permit

• They do not allow spreading rumours.
• The teacher advised respecting the elders.
• Mother forbade eating fast-food.
• The government permits exporting the weapons.



■ If you see there is an object after these verbs, a to-infinitive is used rather than gerund.

E.g.-
They did not allow the people to spread rumours.
The teacher advised the students to respect their elders.
Mother forbade me to eat fast-food.
The government permits the company to export the weapons.


Thank you...



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