Parts of Speech -- Introduction & Different Types of Noun

A part of speech is a word used in a sentence.

The parts of speech can be divided into eight parts:-

1. Noun,
2. Pronoun,
3. Adjective,
4. Verb,
5. Adverb,
6. Preposition,
7. Conjunction,
8. Interjection.

 Noun

   A noun is a word that denotes the name of a person, thing, place, any animal or anything in the nature.

Ex- man, table, cow, lion, eagle, Delhi, goodness, kindness, poverty etc.

• Nouns can be of five types -

a) Proper noun,
b) Common or class noun       
c) Material noun,
d) Collective noun,
                                    ----- Concrete
e) Abstract noun.                          
                                    ----abstract

• *A Concrete Noun is the name of anything that can be seen, touched, heard, smelt, tasted.

 Like: man, toy, flower, rice etc.

• An Abstract Noun is the name of quality, action, state or taste of an object or a person

E.g.- Honesty (quality),
 Smile (action)
 Poverty (state) etc.]

a) Proper Noun:-

 A proper noun is the name of any particular person, place, thing, religion or event.

E.g.- 
Person -- Rahul, John

Place – Delhi, India, Kolkata, Dhaka, Bangladesh etc.

Religion – The Hindus, The Muslims, The Christians, The Sikhs etc.

Events – The Kargil War, The French Revolution etc.

Always remember that the initial of every proper noun should be capital (in upper case).

b) Common Noun or Class Noun:-

A Common Noun denotes any and every person or thing of same type generally, not particularly like proper noun.

E.g. – 
Man ( this noun ‘man’ is not a particular man but it refers to any and every man among human being 

Similarly,
 Lion
(‘lion’ is not a particular lion, rather, it refers to each and every lion / ‘lion’ noun টি দিয়ে 

 Book 
(‘book’ doesn’t refer to any particular book like- “Geetanjali”, or “Geeta”, “Koran”, “Bible”, rather it indicates each and every book on this earth.

River
 (‘River' is not any particular river like Ganges or Padma, rather each and every river on the earth 

Etc.


• There are some other examples of common noun. As they are only one in number in nature, they are often called ‘Singular Noun’.

Ex—the sun, the moon, the earth etc.

c) Collective Noun:--

A collective noun refers to the name of a collection or a group.


Ex—
Gentry, Clergy, Peasantry People, majority, folk etc.


‘A bundle of sticks’. 
– here ‘sticks’ is the common noun. And ‘bundle’ refers to some sticks together. So, ‘bundle’ is the collective noun.

Similarly,

An army of soldiers. 
A bunch of keys.
A board of directors. 
A gang of coolies. 
A heap of garbage.
A flock of sheep. 
A sheaf of paddy. 
Etc.
Here army, bunch, board, gang, heap, flock, sheaf are the examples of collective noun.

d) Material Noun:-

A material noun is a matter or substance for making something.

Ex:- 
A ‘chain’ is a common noun, but the gold, which it is made of, is the material noun.

e) Abstract Noun:-

An Abstract Noun is the name of quality, action, state, concept or taste of an object or a person.

E.g.- Honesty, love (quality),
 Smile (action)
 Poverty, emptiness (state) etc.

•  Some may find difficulty in understanding the difference between proper noun and common noun. Ok, so let's get rid of that confusion.

Difference between Proper Noun and Common Noun :-

Suppose a man stands here  and his name is John.
Then, ‘man’ is the common noun, because it denotes everyone who belongs to human category.
And, ‘Jon’ is a proper noun, because it is a name if a human being and the initial should be capital  (or in upper case).
And,

🐀 ‘Mouse’ is common noun, but if it is named ‘Jerry’, it is proper noun.

Hope you got everything.

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