Vitamins: Everything you Need to Know | General Science - Biology

Here we'll be discussing a very crucial topic - Vitamins, from Nutrition of Biology.

All we need to know -

Vitamins and their chemical names, their sources, diseases occur for the deficiency of a particular vitamin.

Vitamins Soluble in Fat: 

Vitamin-A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K.

Vitamins Soluble in Water: 

Vitamin-B and Vitamin-C

Vitamins and their Chemical Names:

Vitamins	Chemical Names
Vitamin A	Retinol
Vitamin B1	Thiamine
Vitamin B2	Riboflavin
Vitamin B3	Niacin Niacinamide Riboside
Vitamin B5	Pantothenic acid
Vitamin B6	Piridoxina Pyridoxine Pyridoxamine Pyridoxal
Vitamin B7	Biotin
Vitamin B9	Teroil glutamic  Folic acid Folates
Vitamin B11	Folic acid
Vitamin B12	Cynocobalamin Cobalamin Hydroxocobalamin
Vitamin C	Ascorbic acid
Vitamin D	Cholecalciferol Ergocalciferol
Vitamin E	Tocopherol
Vitamin K	Phylloquinone

Also read: = GK = Crematoriums of eminent persons 

Diseases Because of Deficiency of Corresponding Vitamins:

Vitamin A – Night blindness, colour blindness, Xerophthalmia, terror of infections.

Vitamin B1 – Beriberi

Vitamin B2 – Cracking of skin, reddish eyes, cracking in the corner of lips, tongue, mouth ulcers.

Vitamin B3 – Whitening hair, Dermatitis, Pellagra, mental retardness. 

Vitamin B5 – Pellagra (skin irritation)

Vitamin B6 – Anemia, skin disease.

Vitamin B7 – Paralysis, body ache, hair fall.

Vitamin B9 – Anemia, dysentery, scurvy

Vitamin B12 – Anemia (Megalycytic anemia)

Vitamin C – Scurvy, swelling of gems

Vitamin D – Rickets in children

Vitamin E – Less fertility.

Vitamin K – Delay in blood clotting.

Read more: Edible parts of fruits

Sources of Vitamins:

Vitamin A – Milk, egg, paneer, green vegetables, fish, liver oil.

Vitamin B1 – Ground nut, dry chillies, uncleansed pulses, sesamum, liver, vegetables, egg.

Vitamin B2 – Milk, green vegetables, meat, liver.

Vitamin B3 – Milk, tomato, sugarcane, ground nut, meat.

Vitamin B5 – Vegetables, potato, tomato, leaves, meat.

Vitamin B6 – food grain, liver, meat.

Vitamin B7 – Milk, egg, liver, meat.

Vitamin B9 – Vegetables, beans, pulses, eggs, liver.

Vitamin B12 – Milk, liver, meat.

Vitamin C – Tomatoes, chillies, lemon, orange, sour substances.

Vitamin D – Milk, egg, fish, liver oil.

Vitamin E – Milk, butter, leafy vegetables, sprouted wheat, vegetable oil, wheat germ oil.

Vitamin K – Green vegetables, tomatoes, Alfalfa.

Some Important Facts about Vitamins:

• In 1911 Polish biochemist Casimir Funk the term Vitamine (vita + amine).
• In 1920, British biochemist Jack Drummond dropped the ending 'e'  and renamed it as - Vitamin. because not all the vitamins contain an amine group.
• In 1971 Florkin called vitamins as biological catalyst. 
  
  
• Deficiency of vitamin-D leads to the deficiency of calcium.
• Vitamin A is mainly stored in liver.
• Amla is the richest source of vitamin C.
• Consuming polished rice causes Beriberi.
• Vitamin B12 contains cobalt.